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32 colchicine COVID-19 controlled studies, 16 RCTs
https://c19colchicine.com/meta.html
0
0.5
1
1.5+
All studies 38% 32
22,499
Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality 40% 27
20,771
Ventilation 42% 5
12,575
ICU admission 30% 4
576
Hospitalization 23% 10
6,815
Progression 81% 3
289
Recovery 30% 9
12,419
Cases -73% 1
1,278
RCTs 22% 16
18,820
RCT mortality 9% 13
18,438
Peer-reviewed 41% 29
21,978
Prophylaxis 26% 3
1,278
Late 39% 29
21,221
Colchicine for COVID-19 c19colchicine.com May 2022
Favors colchicine Favors control after exclusions
• Statistically significant improvements are seen for
mortality ,
ICU admission ,
hospitalization , and
recovery . 20 studies from 20 independent teams in 13 different countries show statistically significant
improvements in isolation (11 for the most serious outcome).
• Results are robust — in exclusion sensitivity analysis 22 of 32
studies must be excluded to avoid finding statistically significant efficacy
in pooled analysis.
0
0.5
1
1.5+
All studies 38% 32
22,499
Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality 40% 27
20,771
Ventilation 42% 5
12,575
ICU admission 30% 4
576
Hospitalization 23% 10
6,815
Progression 81% 3
289
Recovery 30% 9
12,419
Cases -73% 1
1,278
RCTs 22% 16
18,820
RCT mortality 9% 13
18,438
Peer-reviewed 41% 29
21,978
Prophylaxis 26% 3
1,278
Late 39% 29
21,221
Colchicine for COVID-19 c19colchicine.com May 2022
Favors colchicine Favors control after exclusions
• RCT results are less favorable, however they are dominated by the very late stage RECOVERY RCT,
for which the results are not generalizable to earlier usage.
• While many treatments have some level
of efficacy, they do not replace vaccines and other measures to avoid
infection.
Only 16% of colchicine
studies show zero events in the treatment arm.
Multiple treatments are typically used
in combination, and
other treatments
may be more effective.
There has been no early treatment studies to date.
• No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100%
available and effective for all variants. All practical, effective, and safe
means should be used.
Denying the efficacy of treatments increases mortality, morbidity, collateral
damage, and endemic risk.
• All data to reproduce this paper and
sources are in the
appendix .
Other meta analyses for colchicine can be found in
[Yasmin , Zein ] , showing significant improvements for mortality and severity.
Highlights
We show traditional outcome specific analyses and combined
evidence from all studies, incorporating treatment delay, a primary
confounding factor in COVID-19 studies.
A
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Deftereos (RCT) 77%
0.23 [0.03-1.97]
death
1/55
4/50
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Lopes (DB RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.03]
death
0/36
2/36
Brunetti (PSM) 73%
0.27 [0.08-0.89]
death
3/33
11/33
Scarsi 85%
0.15 [0.06-0.37]
death
122 (n)
140 (n)
Salehzadeh (RCT) 23%
0.77 [0.66-0.90]
hosp. time
50 (n)
50 (n)
Pinzón 35%
0.65 [0.34-1.21]
death
14/145
23/156
Sandhu 42%
0.58 [0.40-0.85]
death
16/34
63/78
Rodriguez-Nava 6%
0.94 [0.61-1.47]
death
16/52
85/261
Mahale -7%
1.07 [0.59-1.96]
death
11/39
25/95
Valerio Pas.. (ICU) 23%
0.77 [0.31-1.94]
death
5/35
12/30
ICU patients CT1
Tardif (DB RCT) 44%
0.56 [0.19-1.67]
death
5/2,235
9/2,253
Mareev 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.01]
death
0/21
2/22
García-Posada 57%
0.43 [0.16-0.84]
death
48/99
59/110
CT1
Manenti (PSW) 76%
0.24 [0.09-0.67]
death
71 (n)
70 (n)
Mostafaie (RCT) 83%
0.17 [0.02-1.34]
death
1/60
6/60
CT1
Recovery C.. (RCT) -1%
1.01 [0.93-1.10]
death
1,173/5,610
1,190/5,730
Hueda-Zavaleta 54%
0.46 [0.23-0.91]
death
10/50
109/301
Kevorkian 96%
0.04 [0.01-0.21]
progression
28 (n)
40 (n)
CT1
Gaitán-Dua.. (RCT) 22%
0.78 [0.44-1.36]
death
22/153
28/161
CT1
Pascual-Fi.. (RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.03]
death
0/52
2/51
Dorward (RCT) 70%
0.30 [0.01-7.37]
death
0/156
1/120
Absalón-.. (DB RCT) 29%
0.71 [0.21-2.40]
death
4/56
6/60
Diaz (RCT) 12%
0.88 [0.70-1.12]
death
131/640
142/639
Alsultan (RCT) 36%
0.64 [0.20-2.07]
death
3/14
7/21
Karakaş 13%
0.87 [0.46-1.64]
death
16/165
19/171
Pourdowlat (RCT) 73%
0.27 [0.11-0.71]
hosp.
5/102
18/100
Gorial (RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.04-3.14]
death
1/80
3/80
Pimenta B.. (RCT) 79%
0.21 [0.01-4.05]
death
0/14
2/16
Jalal (RCT) 24%
0.76 [0.62-0.93]
hosp. time
36 (n)
44 (n)
Tau2 = 0.10, I2 = 74.4%, p < 0.0001
Late treatment 39%
0.61 [0.50-0.73]
1,485/10,243
1,828/10,978
39% improvement Monserrat V.. (PSM) 80%
0.20 [0.02-0.93]
death
n/a
n/a
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Topless 23%
0.77 [0.56-1.07]
death
Oztas -406%
5.06 [0.59-43.2]
hosp.
5/635
1/643
Tau2 = 0.86, I2 = 69.7%, p = 0.66
Prophylaxis 26%
0.74 [0.21-2.66]
5/635
1/643
26% improvement All studies 38%
0.62 [0.52-0.73]
1,490/10,878
1,829/11,621
38% improvement 32 colchicine COVID-19 studies c19colchicine.com May 2022
Tau2 = 0.10, I2 = 73.4%, p < 0.0001
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome, see appendix) 1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors colchicine
Favors control
B
C
Figure 1. A. Random effects
meta-analysis. This plot shows pooled effects, discussion can be found in the heterogeneity section,
and results for specific outcomes can be found in the individual outcome analyses.
Effect extraction is pre-specified, using the most serious outcome reported.
For details of effect extraction see the
appendix .
B. Scatter plot showing the
distribution of effects reported in studies.
C. History of all reported
effects (chronological within treatment stages).
Introduction
We analyze all significant studies
concerning the use of
colchicine
for COVID-19.
Search methods, inclusion criteria, effect
extraction criteria (more serious outcomes have priority), all individual
study data, PRISMA answers, and statistical methods are detailed in
Appendix 1 . We present random effects meta-analysis results for all
studies, for studies within each treatment stage, for individual outcomes, for
peer-reviewed studies, for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), and after
exclusions.
Figure 2 shows stages of possible treatment for
COVID-19.
Prophylaxis refers to regularly taking medication before
becoming sick, in order to prevent or minimize infection.
Early
Treatment refers to treatment immediately or soon after symptoms appear,
while
Late Treatment refers to more delayed treatment.
Results
Figure 3 shows a visual overview of the results, with details in
Table 1 and
Table 2 .
Figure
4 ,
5 ,
6 ,
7 ,
8 ,
9 ,
10 ,
11 , and
12
show forest plots for a random effects meta-analysis of
all studies with pooled effects, mortality results, ventilation, ICU admission, hospitalization, progression, recovery, cases, and peer reviewed studies.
0
0.5
1
1.5+
ALL STUDIES
MORTALITY
VENTILATION
ICU ADMISSION
HOSPITALIZATION
PROGRESSION
RECOVERY
CASES
RCTS
RCT MORTALITY
PEER-REVIEWED
After Exclusions
ALL STUDIES
All
Prophylaxis
Late
Colchicine for COVID-19
C19COLCHICINE.COM MAY 2022
Treatment time Number of studies reporting positive effects
Total number of studies Percentage of studies reporting positive effects
Random effects meta-analysis results
Late treatment
27
29
93.1%
39% improvement
Prophylaxis
2
3
66.7%
26% improvement
All studies
29
32
90.6%
38% improvement
Table 1. Results by treatment stage.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Deftereos (RCT) 77%
0.23 [0.03-1.97]
death
1/55
4/50
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Lopes (DB RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.03]
death
0/36
2/36
Brunetti (PSM) 73%
0.27 [0.08-0.89]
death
3/33
11/33
Scarsi 85%
0.15 [0.06-0.37]
death
122 (n)
140 (n)
Salehzadeh (RCT) 23%
0.77 [0.66-0.90]
hosp. time
50 (n)
50 (n)
Pinzón 35%
0.65 [0.34-1.21]
death
14/145
23/156
Sandhu 42%
0.58 [0.40-0.85]
death
16/34
63/78
Rodriguez-Nava 6%
0.94 [0.61-1.47]
death
16/52
85/261
Mahale -7%
1.07 [0.59-1.96]
death
11/39
25/95
Valerio Pas.. (ICU) 23%
0.77 [0.31-1.94]
death
5/35
12/30
ICU patients CT1
Tardif (DB RCT) 44%
0.56 [0.19-1.67]
death
5/2,235
9/2,253
Mareev 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.01]
death
0/21
2/22
García-Posada 57%
0.43 [0.16-0.84]
death
48/99
59/110
CT1
Manenti (PSW) 76%
0.24 [0.09-0.67]
death
71 (n)
70 (n)
Mostafaie (RCT) 83%
0.17 [0.02-1.34]
death
1/60
6/60
CT1
Recovery C.. (RCT) -1%
1.01 [0.93-1.10]
death
1,173/5,610
1,190/5,730
Hueda-Zavaleta 54%
0.46 [0.23-0.91]
death
10/50
109/301
Kevorkian 96%
0.04 [0.01-0.21]
progression
28 (n)
40 (n)
CT1
Gaitán-Dua.. (RCT) 22%
0.78 [0.44-1.36]
death
22/153
28/161
CT1
Pascual-Fi.. (RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.03]
death
0/52
2/51
Dorward (RCT) 70%
0.30 [0.01-7.37]
death
0/156
1/120
Absalón-.. (DB RCT) 29%
0.71 [0.21-2.40]
death
4/56
6/60
Diaz (RCT) 12%
0.88 [0.70-1.12]
death
131/640
142/639
Alsultan (RCT) 36%
0.64 [0.20-2.07]
death
3/14
7/21
Karakaş 13%
0.87 [0.46-1.64]
death
16/165
19/171
Pourdowlat (RCT) 73%
0.27 [0.11-0.71]
hosp.
5/102
18/100
Gorial (RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.04-3.14]
death
1/80
3/80
Pimenta B.. (RCT) 79%
0.21 [0.01-4.05]
death
0/14
2/16
Jalal (RCT) 24%
0.76 [0.62-0.93]
hosp. time
36 (n)
44 (n)
Tau2 = 0.10, I2 = 74.4%, p < 0.0001
Late treatment 39%
0.61 [0.50-0.73]
1,485/10,243
1,828/10,978
39% improvement Monserrat V.. (PSM) 80%
0.20 [0.02-0.93]
death
n/a
n/a
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Topless 23%
0.77 [0.56-1.07]
death
Oztas -406%
5.06 [0.59-43.2]
hosp.
5/635
1/643
Tau2 = 0.86, I2 = 69.7%, p = 0.66
Prophylaxis 26%
0.74 [0.21-2.66]
5/635
1/643
26% improvement All studies 38%
0.62 [0.52-0.73]
1,490/10,878
1,829/11,621
38% improvement 32 colchicine COVID-19 studies c19colchicine.com May 2022
Tau2 = 0.10, I2 = 73.4%, p < 0.0001
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome, see appendix) 1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors colchicine
Favors control
Figure 4. Random effects meta-analysis for all studies with pooled effects.
This plot shows pooled effects, discussion can be found in the heterogeneity section,
and results for specific outcomes can be found in the individual outcome analyses.
Effect extraction is pre-specified, using the most serious outcome reported.
For details of effect extraction see the
appendix .
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Deftereos (RCT) 77%
0.23 [0.03-1.97]
1/55
4/50
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Lopes (DB RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.03]
0/36
2/36
Brunetti (PSM) 73%
0.27 [0.08-0.89]
3/33
11/33
Scarsi 85%
0.15 [0.06-0.37]
122 (n)
140 (n)
Pinzón 35%
0.65 [0.34-1.21]
14/145
23/156
Sandhu 42%
0.58 [0.40-0.85]
16/34
63/78
Rodriguez-Nava 6%
0.94 [0.61-1.47]
16/52
85/261
Mahale -7%
1.07 [0.59-1.96]
11/39
25/95
Valerio Pas.. (ICU) 23%
0.77 [0.31-1.94]
5/35
12/30
ICU patients CT1
Tardif (DB RCT) 44%
0.56 [0.19-1.67]
5/2,235
9/2,253
Mareev 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.01]
0/21
2/22
García-Posada 57%
0.43 [0.16-0.84]
48/99
59/110
CT1
Manenti (PSW) 76%
0.24 [0.09-0.67]
71 (n)
70 (n)
Mostafaie (RCT) 83%
0.17 [0.02-1.34]
1/60
6/60
CT1
Recovery C.. (RCT) -1%
1.01 [0.93-1.10]
1,173/5,610
1,190/5,730
Hueda-Zavaleta 54%
0.46 [0.23-0.91]
10/50
109/301
Gaitán-Dua.. (RCT) 22%
0.78 [0.44-1.36]
22/153
28/161
CT1
Pascual-Fi.. (RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.03]
0/52
2/51
Dorward (RCT) 70%
0.30 [0.01-7.37]
0/156
1/120
Absalón-.. (DB RCT) 29%
0.71 [0.21-2.40]
4/56
6/60
Diaz (RCT) 12%
0.88 [0.70-1.12]
131/640
142/639
Alsultan (RCT) 36%
0.64 [0.20-2.07]
3/14
7/21
Karakaş 13%
0.87 [0.46-1.64]
16/165
19/171
Gorial (RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.04-3.14]
1/80
3/80
Pimenta B.. (RCT) 79%
0.21 [0.01-4.05]
0/14
2/16
Tau2 = 0.14, I2 = 72.6%, p < 0.0001
Late treatment 40%
0.60 [0.48-0.75]
1,480/10,027
1,810/10,744
40% improvement Monserrat V.. (PSM) 80%
0.20 [0.02-0.93]
n/a
n/a
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Topless 23%
0.77 [0.56-1.07]
Tau2 = 0.64, I2 = 71.1%, p = 0.24
Prophylaxis 53%
0.47 [0.13-1.67]
53% improvement All studies 40%
0.60 [0.49-0.74]
1,480/10,027
1,810/10,744
40% improvement 27 colchicine COVID-19 mortality results c19colchicine.com May 2022
Tau2 = 0.13, I2 = 72.0%, p < 0.0001
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors colchicine
Favors control
Figure 5. Random effects meta-analysis for mortality results.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Deftereos (RCT) 82%
0.18 [0.02-1.50]
1/55
5/50
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Sandhu 53%
0.47 [0.33-0.67]
16/34
68/68
Tardif (DB RCT) 47%
0.53 [0.25-1.09]
11/2,235
21/2,253
Recovery C.. (RCT) -18%
1.18 [0.99-1.40]
259/3,815
228/3,962
Pascual-Fi.. (RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.03]
0/52
2/51
Tau2 = 0.36, I2 = 85.3%, p = 0.12
Late treatment 42%
0.58 [0.30-1.16]
287/6,191
324/6,384
42% improvement All studies 42%
0.58 [0.30-1.16]
287/6,191
324/6,384
42% improvement 5 colchicine COVID-19 mechanical ventilation results c19colchicine.com May 2022
Tau2 = 0.36, I2 = 85.3%, p = 0.12
Favors colchicine
Favors control
Figure 6. Random effects meta-analysis for ventilation.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Lopes (DB RCT) 50%
0.50 [0.10-2.56]
2/36
4/36
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Valerio Pas.. (ICU) 40%
0.60 [0.38-0.95]
35 (n)
30 (n)
ICU patients CT1
Pascual-Fi.. (RCT) 51%
0.49 [0.09-2.56]
2/52
4/51
Karakaş 16%
0.84 [0.55-1.29]
30/165
37/171
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.021
Late treatment 30%
0.70 [0.52-0.95]
34/288
45/288
30% improvement All studies 30%
0.70 [0.52-0.95]
34/288
45/288
30% improvement 4 colchicine COVID-19 ICU results c19colchicine.com May 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.021
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors colchicine
Favors control
Figure 7. Random effects meta-analysis for ICU admission.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Lopes (DB RCT) 22%
0.78 [0.64-0.94]
hosp. time
36 (n)
36 (n)
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Salehzadeh (RCT) 23%
0.77 [0.66-0.90]
hosp. time
50 (n)
50 (n)
Tardif (DB RCT) 20%
0.80 [0.61-1.03]
hosp.
101/2,235
128/2,253
Mareev 26%
0.74 [0.53-1.04]
hosp. time
21 (n)
22 (n)
Mostafaie (RCT) 35%
0.65 [0.53-0.81]
hosp. time
59 (n)
54 (n)
CT1
Pascual-Fi.. (RCT) -15%
1.15 [0.87-1.51]
hosp. time
52 (n)
51 (n)
Karakaş 25%
0.75 [0.65-0.87]
hosp. time
165 (n)
171 (n)
Pourdowlat (RCT) 73%
0.27 [0.11-0.71]
hosp.
5/102
18/100
Jalal (RCT) 24%
0.76 [0.62-0.93]
hosp. time
36 (n)
44 (n)
Tau2 = 0.01, I2 = 47.1%, p < 0.0001
Late treatment 23%
0.77 [0.69-0.85]
106/2,756
146/2,781
23% improvement Oztas -406%
5.06 [0.59-43.2]
hosp.
5/635
1/643
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.14
Prophylaxis -406%
5.06 [0.59-43.2]
5/635
1/643
-406% improvement All studies 23%
0.77 [0.69-0.86]
111/3,391
147/3,424
23% improvement 10 colchicine COVID-19 hospitalization results c19colchicine.com May 2022
Tau2 = 0.01, I2 = 50.2%, p < 0.0001
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors colchicine
Favors control
Figure 8. Random effects meta-analysis for hospitalization.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Deftereos (RCT) 87%
0.13 [0.01-0.97]
1/55
7/50
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Kevorkian 96%
0.04 [0.01-0.21]
28 (n)
40 (n)
CT1
Absalón-.. (DB RCT) 17%
0.83 [0.35-1.93]
56 (n)
60 (n)
Tau2 = 2.47, I2 = 80.7%, p = 0.1
Late treatment 81%
0.19 [0.03-1.38]
1/139
7/150
81% improvement All studies 81%
0.19 [0.03-1.38]
1/139
7/150
81% improvement 3 colchicine COVID-19 progression results c19colchicine.com May 2022
Tau2 = 2.47, I2 = 80.7%, p = 0.1
1 CT: study uses combined treatment Favors colchicine
Favors control
Figure 9. Random effects meta-analysis for progression.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Brunetti (PSM) 73%
0.27 [0.08-0.89]
no disch.
3/33
11/33
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Sandhu 42%
0.58 [0.40-0.85]
no disch.
16/34
63/78
Mareev 50%
0.50 [0.24-1.04]
no recov.
21 (n)
22 (n)
Manenti (PSW) 44%
0.56 [0.31-1.00]
no recov.
71 (n)
70 (n)
Recovery C.. (RCT) -2%
1.02 [0.97-1.06]
no disch.
1,709/5,610
1,698/5,730
Dorward (RCT) -6%
1.06 [0.81-1.39]
no recov.
156 (n)
133 (n)
Absalón-.. (DB RCT) -13%
1.13 [0.76-1.66]
no recov.
56 (n)
60 (n)
Pourdowlat (RCT) 38%
0.62 [0.41-0.94]
no recov.
89 (n)
63 (n)
Gorial (RCT) 63%
0.37 [0.21-0.67]
no recov.
80 (n)
80 (n)
Tau2 = 0.10, I2 = 78.1%, p = 0.0085
Late treatment 30%
0.70 [0.54-0.91]
1,728/6,150
1,772/6,269
30% improvement All studies 30%
0.70 [0.54-0.91]
1,728/6,150
1,772/6,269
30% improvement 9 colchicine COVID-19 recovery results c19colchicine.com May 2022
Tau2 = 0.10, I2 = 78.1%, p = 0.0085
Favors colchicine
Favors control
Figure 10. Random effects meta-analysis for recovery.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Oztas -73%
1.73 [0.96-3.11]
symp. case
29/635
17/643
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.068
Prophylaxis -73%
1.73 [0.96-3.11]
29/635
17/643
-73% improvement All studies -73%
1.73 [0.96-3.11]
29/635
17/643
-73% improvement 1 colchicine COVID-19 case result c19colchicine.com May 2022
Tau2 = 0.00, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.068
Favors colchicine
Favors control
Figure 11. Random effects meta-analysis for cases.
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2+
Deftereos (RCT) 77%
0.23 [0.03-1.97]
death
1/55
4/50
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Lopes (DB RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.03]
death
0/36
2/36
Brunetti (PSM) 73%
0.27 [0.08-0.89]
death
3/33
11/33
Scarsi 85%
0.15 [0.06-0.37]
death
122 (n)
140 (n)
Sandhu 42%
0.58 [0.40-0.85]
death
16/34
63/78
Rodriguez-Nava 6%
0.94 [0.61-1.47]
death
16/52
85/261
Mahale -7%
1.07 [0.59-1.96]
death
11/39
25/95
Valerio Pas.. (ICU) 23%
0.77 [0.31-1.94]
death
5/35
12/30
ICU patients CT1
Tardif (DB RCT) 44%
0.56 [0.19-1.67]
death
5/2,235
9/2,253
Mareev 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.01]
death
0/21
2/22
García-Posada 57%
0.43 [0.16-0.84]
death
48/99
59/110
CT1
Manenti (PSW) 76%
0.24 [0.09-0.67]
death
71 (n)
70 (n)
Recovery C.. (RCT) -1%
1.01 [0.93-1.10]
death
1,173/5,610
1,190/5,730
Hueda-Zavaleta 54%
0.46 [0.23-0.91]
death
10/50
109/301
Kevorkian 96%
0.04 [0.01-0.21]
progression
28 (n)
40 (n)
CT1
Gaitán-Dua.. (RCT) 22%
0.78 [0.44-1.36]
death
22/153
28/161
CT1
Pascual-Fi.. (RCT) 80%
0.20 [0.01-4.03]
death
0/52
2/51
Dorward (RCT) 70%
0.30 [0.01-7.37]
death
0/156
1/120
Absalón-.. (DB RCT) 29%
0.71 [0.21-2.40]
death
4/56
6/60
Diaz (RCT) 12%
0.88 [0.70-1.12]
death
131/640
142/639
Alsultan (RCT) 36%
0.64 [0.20-2.07]
death
3/14
7/21
Karakaş 13%
0.87 [0.46-1.64]
death
16/165
19/171
Pourdowlat (RCT) 73%
0.27 [0.11-0.71]
hosp.
5/102
18/100
Gorial (RCT) 67%
0.33 [0.04-3.14]
death
1/80
3/80
Pimenta B.. (RCT) 79%
0.21 [0.01-4.05]
death
0/14
2/16
Jalal (RCT) 24%
0.76 [0.62-0.93]
hosp. time
36 (n)
44 (n)
Tau2 = 0.14, I2 = 75.9%, p < 0.0001
Late treatment 42%
0.58 [0.47-0.72]
1,470/9,988
1,799/10,712
42% improvement Monserrat V.. (PSM) 80%
0.20 [0.02-0.93]
death
n/a
n/a
Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Topless 23%
0.77 [0.56-1.07]
death
Oztas -406%
5.06 [0.59-43.2]
hosp.
5/635
1/643
Tau2 = 0.86, I2 = 69.7%, p = 0.66
Prophylaxis 26%
0.74 [0.21-2.66]
5/635
1/643
26% improvement All studies 41%
0.59 [0.48-0.73]
1,475/10,623
1,800/11,355
41% improvement 29 colchicine COVID-19 peer reviewed trials c19colchicine.com May 2022
Tau2 = 0.13, I2 = 74.8%, p < 0.0001
Effect extraction pre-specified (most serious outcome, see appendix) 1 CT: study uses combined treatment 
